Hi. No, it's not beyond help. A good Automatic Transmission repair shop would be able to overhaul it, I'm sure. Expensive, yes, but should last a long time. Note that Kombi's don't have transmission oil coolers, like most modern autos have. But if you're not pulling a heavy trailer, you don't need one.
And yes, auto gearboxes have cogs, and bands. They are planetary gearboxes, (epicyclic). Gearshifting is done by hydraulic oil pressure, the brake bands hold one set of gears whilst another set transmits the power. Same principle as the 2,3, 4, 5, 7, and 14 speed gear hubs still used in bicycles today, only they get by without brake bands and hydraulic shifting. Goes back to 1903, and further than that.
BTW, that cylindrical gadget on the side of your differential is the governor for the automatic gearbox. Some old folks and older engineers still refer to them as 'fluid flywheels'. The first one came out about 1929, American, I think.
I determined, many years ago, not to worry about fuel consumption. Why let it spoil the fun? The fun of romping up and down the highway to a camping spot in the peace and solitude of the bush. Sometimes I'll work out the cost per kilometre of some long trip, the cost only changes with the price of petrol. Oh, and whether the Kombi is cruising 80 - 90 kmph (in very hot weather), or 100 kmph, or 110 kmph.
Like I once said to my lady: 'A loaf of bread, a jug of wine, and thou beside me in the Kombi'.
www.wikipedia/epicyclic
You haven't told us what's specifically wrong with your auto gearbox. Clunk, Clunk ?, slow to move off from cold? Try letting it warm up in D for drive, with the handbrake on, carefully. For a coupla minutes. Has it had an oil change within living memory? Does the oil level remain the same, over weeks and months? Cheers.